Tenth Generation  

67. Rhys ap Gruffudd-[18101] (Mabel FitzRobert⁵⁷, William (Earl)⁵⁰, Robert de Caen (Earl)⁴¹, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

Rhys married.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 70 F    i. Joan verch Rhys-[18102] .

68. Lord William de Braose "Black Will"-[18212] (Gracia de Briwere "The Dark"⁵⁸, Beatrice de Vaux⁵¹, Rainald (Earl of Cornwall)⁴⁴, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born about 1200 in Brecknock, Surrey, England and died on 5-2-1230 in Wales about age 30.

William married Eva Marshal-[18213] [MRIN:6167]. Eva was born about 1206 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales and died before 1246 in England.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 71 F    i. Eva de Braose-[18214] was born in 1220 in Bramber, Sussex, England and died before 7-28-1255.

69. King Henry III Plantagenet-[18079] (King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 10-1-1207 in Winchester Castle Hampshire, England and died on 11-16-1272 in Westminster Palace, London, England at age 65.

General Notes: Married 14 January 1236 at Canterbury Cathedral - nine children.
Born October 1, 1207, Winchester, Hampshire, Eng.
Died November 16, 1272, London

King of England from 1216 to 1272. In the 24 years(1234–58) during which he had effective control of the government, he displayed such indifference to tradition that the barons finally forced him to agree to a series of major reforms, the Provisions of Oxford (1258).

The elder son and heir of King John (ruled 1199–1216), Henry was nine years old when his father died. At that time London and much of eastern England were in the hands of rebel barons led by Prince Louis (later King Louis VIII of France), son of the French king Philip II Augustus. A council of regency presided over by the venerable William Marshal, 1st earl of Pembroke, was formed to rule for Henry; by 1217 the rebels had been defeated and Louis forced to withdraw from England. After Pembroke's death in 1219 Hubert de Burgh ran the government until he was dismissed by Henry in 1232. Two ambitious Frenchmen, Peter des Roches and Peter des Rivaux, then dominated Henry's regime until the barons brought about their expulsion in 1234. That event marked the beginning of Henry's personal rule.

Although Henry was charitable and cultured, he lacked the ability to rule effectively. In diplomatic and military affairs he proved to be arrogant yet cowardly, ambitious yet impractical. The breach between the King and his barons began as early as 1237, when the barons expressed outrage at the influence exercised over the government by Henry's Savoyard relatives. The marriage arranged (1238) by Henry between his sister, Eleanor, and his brilliant young French favorite, Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, increased foreign influence and further aroused the nobility's hostility. In 1242 Henry's Lusignan half brothers involved him in a costly and disastrous military venture in France. The barons then began to demand a voice in selecting Henry's counsellors, but the King repeatedly rejected their proposal. Finally, in 1254 Henry made a serious blunder. He concluded an agreement with Pope Innocent IV (pope 1243–54), offering to finance papal wars in Sicily if the Pope would grant his infant son, Edmund, the Sicilian crown. Four years later Pope Alexander IV (pope 1254–61) threatened to excommunicate Henry for failing to meet this financial obligation. Henry appealed to the barons for funds, but they agreed to cooperate only if he would accept far-reaching reforms. These measures, the Provisions of Oxford, provided for the creation of a 15-member privy council, selected (indirectly) by the barons, to advise the King and oversee the entire administration. The barons, however, soon quarrelled among themselves, and Henry seized the opportunity to renounce the Provisions (1261). In April 1264 Montfort, who had emerged as Henry's major baronial opponent, raised a rebellion; the following month he defeated and captured the King and his eldest son, Edward, at the Battle of Lewes (May 14, 1264), Sussex. Montfort ruled England in Henry's name until he was defeated and killed by Edward at the Battle of Evesham, Worcestershire, in August 1265. Henry, weak and senile, then allowed Edward to take charge of the government. After the King's death, Edward ascended the throne as King Edward I.

Henry married Eleonore de Provence-[18080] [MRIN:6100] on 1-14-1236 in Canterbury. Eleonore was born about 1217 in Aix-en-Provence, France and died on 6-24-1291 in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England about age 74.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 72 M    i. King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"-[18077] was born on 6-17-1239 in Westminster and died on 7-7-1307 in Burh by Sands near Castile at age 68.

+ 73 M    ii. Earl Edmund Plantagenet "Crouchback"-[18580] was born on 1-16-1244 in London, England and died on 6-5-1296 in Bayonne, France at age 52.