Kings, Queens, Presidents and First Ladies

428. John Bowen-[18158] (Henry Bowen³⁵⁴, Griffith Bowen³²⁵, Francis Bowen²⁹⁸, Philip Bowen²⁷⁵, Gruffydd ap Owain²⁵⁸, Owain ap Jenkin²⁴¹, Jenkin ap Euan Gwyn²²⁴, Ieuan Gwyn ap Hywel Gam²⁰⁷, Hywel Melyn ap Gwilym Gam¹⁸⁹, Gwilym Gam ap Hywel Fychan¹⁶⁶, Hywel Fychan ap Hywel¹⁴⁹, Ann verch Gwilym¹²⁶, Gwilym ap Jenkin¹⁰¹, Jenkins ap Gwrgi⁸⁷, Ann Maelog⁷⁴, Joan verch Rhys⁷⁰, Rhys ap Gruffudd⁶⁷, Mabel FitzRobert⁵⁷, William (Earl)⁵⁰, Robert de Caen (Earl)⁴¹, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 9-1-1662 and died on 11-24-1718 at age 56.

John married Hannah Brewer-[18159] [MRIN:6142] in 1696. Hannah was born on 7-5-1665.

+ 566 F i. Abigail Bowen-[18160] was born on 7-5-1700 and died on 9-16-1775 at age 75.

429. Rutherford Hayes-[18239] (Rebecca Russell³⁵⁵, Col. John Russell³²⁶, Rev. Samuel Russell²⁹⁹, Rebecca Newberry²⁷⁶, Thomas Newberry²⁵⁹, Richard Newberry²⁴², Richard Newborough²²⁵, Walter Newburgh²⁰⁸, Thomas Newburgh¹⁹⁰, John Newburgh¹⁶⁷, John Newburgh¹⁵⁰, Margaret Poyntz¹²⁷, Nicholas Poyntz¹⁰², Elizabeth la Zouche⁸⁸, Millicent de Cantelupe⁷⁵, Eva de Braose⁷¹, Lord William de Braose "Black Will"⁶⁸, Gracia de Briwere "The Dark"⁵⁸, Beatrice de Vaux⁵¹, Rainald (Earl of Cornwall)⁴⁴, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 7-29-1756 in Branford, New Haven, CT and died on 9-25-1836 in West Brattleboro, Windham County, Vermont at age 80.

Rutherford married Chloe Smith-[18240] [MRIN:6184]. Chloe was born on 11-10-1762 in South Hadley, Massachusetts and died on 2-17-1847 in Brattleboro, Vermont at age 84.

+ 567 M i. Rutherford Hayes-[18241] was born on 1-4-1787 in Brattleboro, Vermont and died on 7-20-1822 in Delaware, Delaware County, Ohio at age 35.

430. John Scott Harrison-[19081] (9th President William Henry Harrison³⁶⁵, Benjamin Harrison³²⁸, Anne Carter³⁰⁰, Col. Robert Carter²⁷⁷, Sarah Ludlow²⁶⁰, Gabriel Ludlow²⁴³, Thomas Ludlow²²⁶, Edith Windsor²⁰⁹, Elizabeth Blount¹⁹¹, Margaret Eychingham¹⁶⁸, Sir Thomas Eychingham¹⁵¹, Sir John Knyvet II¹²⁸, John de Botetourte¹⁰³, Sir Otto de Botetourte⁸⁹, John de Botetourte⁷⁶, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 10-4-1804 in Vincennes, Indiana and died on 5-25-1878 in Point Farm, North Bend, Ohio at age 73.

John married Elizabeth Ramsey Irwin-[19082] [MRIN:6558]. Elizabeth was born on 7-18-1810 in Mercerburg, Pennsylvania and died on 8-15-1850 in North Bend, Ohio at age 40.

568 M i. 23rd President Benjamin Harrison-[19083] was born on 8-20-1833 in North Bend, Ohio and died on 3-13-1901 in Indianapolis, Indiana at age 67.

General Notes: born Aug. 20, 1833, North Bend, Ohio, U.S.
died March 13, 1901, Indianapolis, Ind.

23rd president of the United States (1889–93), a moderate Republican who won an electoral majority while losing the popular vote by more than 95,000 to Democrat Grover Cleveland. Harrison signed into law the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), the first legislation to prohibit business combinations in restraint of trade.

Harrison was the son of John Scott Harrison, a farmer, and Elizabeth Irwin Harrison and grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison (elected 1840). In 1852 he graduated with distinction from Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, and the following year he married Caroline Lavinia Scott, with whom he had two children. In 1854, after two years studying law, Harrison moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, to establish his own practice. Ignoring his father's contention that “none but knaves should ever enter the political arena,” Harrison found in Indianapolis an inviting arena for his political ambitions, especially in the newly formed Republican Party. He served in the Civil War as an officer in the Union army, finally reaching the rank of brevet brigadier general. Resuming his law practice after the war, Harrison supported the Reconstruction policies of the Radical Republicans. He failed to win the governorship of Indiana in 1876, but in 1881 he was elected to the United States Senate. As senator, Harrison defended the interests of homesteaders and Native Americans against the railroads, supported generous pensions for ex-soldiers, and fought for civil-service reform and a moderately protective tariff.

Harrison was a kindly man of stout principle who possessed a keen intellect and a phenomenal memory. He could captivate an audience with stirring oratory and unhinge his opponents with a cold, discerning eye. On many occasions he willingly sacrificed valuable political support rather than abandon his convictions—as in 1882, when he opposed the Chinese Exclusion Act on the ground that it would abrogate rights guaranteed to the Chinese by the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. A deeply religious man—he was an elder in the Presbyterian church for 40 years — Harrison was known before, during, and after his years of public service as a man of moral courage.

Nominated for the presidency by the Republicans in 1888, he lost the popular vote by 5,444,337 to Cleveland's 5,540,309 but won the election by outpolling Cleveland in the electoral college by 233 electoral votes to Cleveland's 168. Harrison's victory in the electoral college owed much to lavish spending by his campaign in the crucial swing states of New York and Indiana.

Harrison's administration was marked by an innovative foreign policy and expanding American influence abroad. His secretary of state, James G. Blaine, presided over the First International Conference of American States, held in Washington, D.C. (1889–90), which established the International Union of American Republics (later called the Pan-American Union) for the exchange of cultural and scientific information. In addition, Blaine successfully resisted pressure from Germany and Great Britain to abandon American interests in the tripartite protectorate over the Samoan Islands (1889), and he negotiated a treaty with Great Britain to refer to arbitration a long-standing controversy over the hunting of seals in the Bering Sea (1892). The administration also concluded treaties of commercial reciprocity with a number of foreign governments. In February 1893, after an American-led coup toppled Queen Liliuokalani in the Hawaiian Islands, Harrison placed a treaty of annexation before the Senate, but Democrats blocked ratification for the remainder of Harrison's term.

In 1890 Republicans controlled both houses of Congress, but an economic depression in the agrarian West and South led to pressure for legislation that conservative Republicans normally resisted. The result was an accommodation in which conservatives gained the McKinley Tariff Act (1890), which substantially raised duties on most imports, but yielded to agrarians and reformers in measures such as the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), which outlawed “every contract, combination ... or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce,” and the Sherman Silver Purchase Act of the same year, which required the government to buy 4.5 million ounces of the metal every month. Farmers and debtors in the Free Silver Movement had long advocated a bimetallic (gold and silver) standard for the nation's currency in the belief that an increase in the amount of money in circulation would raise crop prices and allow for easier debt repayment.

Although the treasury had a surplus at the inception of Harrison's administration, the “Billion-Dollar Congress” spent such enormous sums on soldiers' pensions and business subsidies that the surplus soon vanished. Many Americans, particularly farmers, viewed the Republican-controlled White House and Congress as wasteful and too closely aligned with the nation's wealthy elite. In the congressional elections of 1890, the Democrats recaptured the House of Representatives by a large majority, and during the remaining two years of his term Harrison had little, if any, influence on legislation. He was renominated at the party convention in Minneapolis (1892), but growing populist discontent and several major strikes late in his term—especially the violent steel strike at Homestead, Pennsylvania, in July 1892—largely accounted for his defeat by his old rival, Grover Cleveland, by an electoral vote of 145 to 277. Neither candidate campaigned much, owing in part to Mrs. Harrison's declining health and her death midway through the campaign.

Having retired to his law practice in Indianapolis, Harrison, at 62, married his deceased wife's niece and caretaker, Mary Lord Dimmick; they had one daughter. He emerged briefly to serve as leading counsel for Venezuela in the arbitration of its boundary dispute with Great Britain (1898–99). Harrison was also in much demand as a public speaker, and his series of lectures delivered at Stanford University was published in 1901 as Views of an Ex-President. He died of pneumonia that year at his house in Indianapolis. He was the last Civil War general to serve as president.

Benjamin married Caroline Lavinia Scott-[19084] [MRIN:6559] on 10-20-1853 in Oxford, Ohio. Caroline was born on 10-1-1832 in Oxford, Ohio and died on 10-25-1892 in White House, Washington D. C. at age 60.

431. Peter Rawson Taft-[18273] (Rhoda Rawson³⁶⁶, Abner Rawson³²⁹, Edmund Rawson³⁰¹, Rev. Grindall Rawson²⁷⁸, Rachel Perne²⁶¹, Rachel Greene²⁴⁴, Richard Greene II²²⁷, Richard Greene²¹⁰, Robert Greene¹⁹², John Greene¹⁶⁹, Ela Malory¹⁵², Alice de Driby¹²⁹, Amy (Joan) de Gaveston¹⁰⁴, Margaret de Clare⁹⁰, Joan of Acre⁷⁸, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 4-14-1785 and died on 1-1-1867 at age 81.

Peter married Sylvia Howard-[18274] [MRIN:6203] on 12-5-1810. Sylvia was born on 2-17-1792 and died in 1866 at age 74.

+ 569 M i. Alphonso Taft-[18275] was born on 11-5-1810 and died on 5-21-1891 at age 80.

432. Mary Hibbert-[18305] (Hannah Gibbons³⁶⁷, Judith Lewis³³⁰, Elizabeth Marshall³⁰², Katherine Mitton²⁷⁹, Edward Harpersfield²⁶², Joyce Mitton²⁴⁵, Constance de Beaumont²²⁸, Eleanor Sutton²¹¹, John de Sutton VI¹⁹³, John de Sutton V¹⁷⁰, Sir John de Sutton IV¹⁵³, Katherine de Stafford¹³⁰, Baroness Margaret de Audley¹⁰⁵, Margaret de Clare⁹⁰, Joan of Acre⁷⁸, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

433. Sarah Dabney Strother-[12938] (William Strother³⁶⁸, Francis Strother³³¹, Margaret Thornton³⁰³, Alice Savage²⁸⁰, Anthony Savage²⁶³, Anthony Savage²⁴⁶, Francis Savage Esq.²²⁹, Christopher Savage II²¹², Christopher Savage¹⁹⁴, Katherine Stanley¹⁷¹, Joan Goushill¹⁵⁴, Elizabeth FitzAlan¹³¹, Elizabeth de Bohun¹⁰⁶, Earl William de Bohun⁹², Princess Elizabeth Plantagenet⁸¹, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 10-14-1760 and died on 12-13-1822 at age 62.

Sarah married Richard Taylor-[12937] [MRIN:4304], son of Zachary Taylor-[12936] and Elizabeth Lee-[12827]. Richard was born on 4-3-1744 and died on 1-19-1829 at age 84.

572 M ii. Hancock Taylor-[18013] was born in 1781 and died in 1841 at age 60.

+ 574 M iv. 12th President Zachary Taylor-[12939] was born on 11-24-1784 in Barboursville, Orange County, Virginia and died on 7-9-1850 in Washington D. C. at age 65.

576 F vi. Elizabeth Lee Taylor-[18017] was born in 1792 and died in 1845 at age 53.

577 M vii. Joseph Pannill Taylor-[18018] was born in 1796 and died in 1864 at age 68.

435. James Hyde-[18392] (Experience Abell³⁷⁰, Caleb Abell³³³, Robert Abell III³⁰⁵, Frances Cotton²⁸¹, Mary Mainwaring²⁶⁴, Arthur Mainwaring²⁴⁷, Dorothy Corbet²³⁰, Elizabeth Vernon²¹³, Anne Talbot¹⁹⁵, Elizabeth Butler¹⁷², Joan de Beauchamp¹⁵⁵, Joan FitzAlan¹³², Elizabeth de Bohun¹⁰⁶, Earl William de Bohun⁹², Princess Elizabeth Plantagenet⁸¹, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1707 and died in 1793 at age 86.

+ 580 F i. Abiah Hyde-[18393] was born on 12-27-1749 in Norwich, CT and died on 8-23-1788 in Norwich, CT at age 38.

436. Elizabeth Quincy-[18424] (Col. John Quincy³⁷¹, Anna Shepard³³⁴, Anna Tyng³⁰⁶, Elizabeth Coytmore²⁸², Capt. Rowland Coytmore²⁶⁵, Jane Williams²⁴⁸, Dorothy Griffith²³¹, Jane Stradling²¹⁴, Thomas Stradling¹⁹⁶, Sir Henry Stradling¹⁷³, Jane Beaufort¹⁵⁶, Alice FitzAlan¹³³, Elizabeth de Bohun¹⁰⁶, Earl William de Bohun⁹², Princess Elizabeth Plantagenet⁸¹, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born about 1721 and died on 10-1-1775 in Weymouth, Massachusetts about age 54.

Elizabeth married Rev. William Smith-[18425] [MRIN:6284], son of William Smith-[20104] and Abigail Fowle-[20105], on 10-16-1740 in Norfolk, Massachusetts. William was born on 1-29-1707 in Charlestown, Massachusetts and died in 9-1783 in Weymouth, Massachusetts at age 76.

581 F i. Mary Smith-[20098] was born in 1741 in Charlestown, Massachusetts and died in 1811 in Massachusetts at age 70.

+ 582 F ii. Abigail Smith-[18426] was born on 11-22-1744 in Weymouth, Massachusetts and died on 10-28-1818 in Quincy, Massachusetts at age 73.

583 M iii. William Smith-[20100] was born on 12-1-1746 in Charlestown, Massachusetts and died in 1775 at age 29.

584 F iv. Elizabeth Smith-[20102] was born on 5-8-1750 in Charlestown, Massachusetts and died in 1815 at age 65.

Elizabeth married William Shaw-[20103] [MRIN:6835] in 1777 in Weymouth, Massachusetts.

437. William Henry Smith-[18437] (Anna Shepard³⁷², Thomas Shepard³³⁵, Anna Tyng³⁰⁶, Elizabeth Coytmore²⁸², Capt. Rowland Coytmore²⁶⁵, Jane Williams²⁴⁸, Dorothy Griffith²³¹, Jane Stradling²¹⁴, Thomas Stradling¹⁹⁶, Sir Henry Stradling¹⁷³, Jane Beaufort¹⁵⁶, Alice FitzAlan¹³³, Elizabeth de Bohun¹⁰⁶, Earl William de Bohun⁹², Princess Elizabeth Plantagenet⁸¹, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 10-29-1708 and died on 10-2-1776 at age 67.

William married Margaret Lloyd-[18438] [MRIN:6289] on 12-19-1732. Margaret was born on 6-1-1713 and died on 9-25-1756 at age 43.

+ 585 F i. Rebecca Smith-[18439] was born c1734 and died on 11-25-1809 at age 75.

438. Hannah Hutchinson-[18350] (Elijah Hutchinson³⁷³, Edward Hutchinson³³⁶, Anne Marbury³⁰⁷, Bridget Dryden²⁸³, Elizabeth Cope²⁶⁶, Bridget Raleigh²⁴⁹, Edward Raleigh²³², Sir Edward Raleigh²¹⁵, Elizabeth Greene¹⁹⁷, Sir Thomas Greene IV¹⁷⁴, Mary Talbot¹⁵⁷, Lord Richard de Talbot VII¹³⁴, Pernel Butler¹⁰⁷, Alionore de Bohun⁹³, Princess Elizabeth Plantagenet⁸¹, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

+ 586 F i. Hannah Ruck-[18352] was born in 1702 and died about 1767 about age 65.

439. Andrew Monroe-[18489] (Agnes Munro³⁷⁴, Janet Cumming³³⁷, Margaret Fraser³⁰⁸, Lady Elizabeth Stewart²⁸⁴, Lady Elizabeth Gordon²⁶⁷, Earl George Gordon²⁵⁰, Margaret Stewart²³³, King James Stuart IV "Iron Belt"²¹⁶, King James Stuart III¹⁹⁸, James Stuart II¹⁷⁶, Joan de Beaufort¹⁶⁰, Earl of Somerset John Beaufort¹³⁸, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) died in 1668.

440. Anne Irvine-[18546] (Ann Elizabeth Baillie³⁷⁵, Kenneth Baillie³³⁸, John Baillie³⁰⁹, Jean Mackenzie²⁸⁵, Kenneth Mackenzie²⁶⁸, Alexander Mackenzie²⁵¹, Colin Mackenzie²³⁴, Elizabeth Stewart²¹⁷, Earl John Stewart II¹⁹⁹, John Stewart¹⁸³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁶⁰, Earl of Somerset John Beaufort¹³⁸, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1770 and died in 1810 at age 40.

Anne married James Bulloch-[18547] [MRIN:6348]. James was born c1765 and died in 1806 at age 41.

444. John Augustine Washington-[18687] (Capt. Augustin Washington³⁷⁶, Mildred Warner³³⁹, Mildred Reade³¹⁰, Col. George Reade²⁸⁶, Mildred Windebank²⁶⁹, Frances Dymoke²⁵², Ann Tailboys²³⁵, Elizabeth Gascoigne²¹⁸, Margaret Percy²⁰⁰, Henry de Percy IX¹⁸⁴, Eleanor de Neville¹⁶¹, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1736.

448. Richard Lee-[12889] (Mary Bland³⁷⁷, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1726 in Bristol, Virginia and died in 1795 in Westmoreland County, Virginia at age 69.

General Notes: She was about 16 years of age when she married Richard Lee who was about 55 years of age.

450. Henry Lee-[12885] (Mary Bland³⁷⁷, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1729 in Leesylvania, Westmoreland County, Virginia, died in 1787 in Leesylvania, Westmoreland County, Virginia at age 58, and was buried in Washington D. C..

Henry married Lucy Grymes-[12893] [MRIN:4291], daughter of Charles Grymes-[12932] and Frances Jennings-[12933], in 12-1752 in Gloucester County, Virginia. Lucy was born on 8-24-1734 in Brandon, Middlesex, Virginia, died on 9-14-1830 in Springfield, Hanover County, Virginia at age 96, and was buried in Fork Church, Hanover, Virginia.

General Notes: Reportedly courted by George Washington. Termed the "Lowland Beauty", daughter of Charles Grymes and Frances Jenings.

+ 591 M i. Henry (Light Horse Harry) Lee-[12902] was born on 1-19-1756 in Stratford, Virginia, died on 3-25-1818 in Cumberland Island, Georgia at age 62, and was buried in Greene's Private Cemetery, Dungeness, Cumberland Island, Georgia.

+ 592 M ii. Charles Lee-[12866] was born in 1758 in Alexandria County, Virginia, died on 6-24-1815 in Warrenton, Fauquier County, Virginia at age 57, and was buried in Turkey Run Church.

593 M iii. Richard Bland Lee-[12894] was born on 1-20-1761 in Virginia and died on 3-12-1827 at age 66.

594 F iv. Mary Lee-[12898] was born in 1764 in Westmoreland County, Virginia and died in 1827 at age 63.

595 M v. Theodorick Lee-[12899] was born on 9-3-1766 and died on 4-10-1849 at age 82.

597 F vii. Lucy Lee-[12900] was born in 1774 in Westmoreland County, Virginia.

599 F ix. Anne Anna Lee-[12901] was born in 1776 and died in 8-1857 at age 81.

453. Ursala Beverley-[23467] (Elizabeth Bland³⁷⁸, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in Essex County, Virginia.

Ursala married Col. William Fitzhugh-[23468] [MRIN:7918], son of Maj. John Fitzhugh-[23469] and Ann Barbara McCarty-[23470], about 1752.

601 M ii. Daniel Fitzhugh-[34290] was born on 3-15-1758 and died on 10-16-1836 at age 78.

456. Elizabeth Beverley-[23473] (Elizabeth Bland³⁷⁸, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 1-15-1725 in "Blandfield" Essex County, Virginia and died on 10-3-1795 at age 70.

Elizabeth next married Thomas Griffin Peachy-[23475] [MRIN:7922], son of Samuel Peachy-[23476] and Winifred Griffin-[23477], on 9-22-1783.

457. Robert Beverley-[23478] (Elizabeth Bland³⁷⁸, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 8-21-1740 in "Blandfield" Essex County, Virginia and died on 4-12-1800 at age 59.

Robert married Maria Carter-[23479] [MRIN:7924], daughter of Col. Landon Carter-[23486] and Maria Byrd-[23487], on 2-3-1763 in Sabine Hall, Richmond County, Virginia. Maria was born on 11-22-1745 in Sabine Hall, Richmond County, Virginia and died on 8-21-1817 in Williamsburg, James City County, Virginia at age 71.

608 M i. William Beverley-[23488] was born on 10-27-1763 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 9-1823 in Paris, France at age 59.

William married Mary Midgeley-[23489] [MRIN:7929], daughter of Jonathan Midgeley-[23490] and Unknown.

609 F ii. Maria Beverley-[23491] was born on 12-15-1764 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 10-2-1824 in Williamsburg, James City County, Virginia at age 59.

Maria married Richard Randolph-[23492] [MRIN:7931], son of Richard Randolph-[16002] and Anne Meade-[16008], on 12-1-1785.

Maria next married Gawin Lane Corbin-[16009] [MRIN:7932], son of John Tayloe Corbin-[23493] and Mary Waller-[23494], on 8-12-1800.

610 M iii. Robert Beverley-[23495] was born on 7-30-1766 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 6-14-1767 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia.

+ 611 M iv. Hon. Robert Beverley-[23496] was born on 3-12-1769 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 5-1843 at age 74.

612 F v. Lucy Beverley-[23498] was born on 2-24-1771 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia, died in 1854 in Oakleigh, Greensboro, Alabama at age 83, and was buried in Oakleigh, Greensboro, Alabama.

Lucy married Brett Randolph-[16011] [MRIN:7935], son of Richard Randolph-[16002] and Anne Meade-[16008], on 11-21-1789.

613 M vi. Burton Beverley-[23499] was born on 11-24-1772 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 7-16-1781 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia at age 8.

614 M vii. Carter Beverley-[23500] was born on 4-17-1774 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 1844 at age 70.

Carter married Jane Wormeley-[23501] [MRIN:7936], daughter of Hon. Ralph Wormeley-[23502] and Eleanor Tayloe-[23503], on 1-24-1795.

615 M viii. Byrd Beverley-[23504] was born on 8-17-1775 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 1836 in Lost at sea. at age 61.

616 M ix. James Mills Beverley-[23505] was born on 12-22-1776 and died on 4-8-1779 at age 2.

617 F x. Anna Munford Beverley-[23506] was born on 1-6-1778 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 1-17-1830 in The Reeds, Caroline County, Virginia at age 52.

Anna married Hon. Francis Corbin-[23507] [MRIN:7938], son of Col. Richard Corbin-[23508] and Elizabeth Tayloe-[23509], about 3-12-1795 in The Reeds, Caroline County, Virginia.

618 M xi. Munford Beverley-[23510] was born on 3-8-1779 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 2-1820 in Lost at sea. at age 40.

620 F xiii. Evelyn Byrd Beverley-[23513] was born on 6-6-1782 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 9-10-1836 at age 54.

Evelyn married George Lee-[23514] [MRIN:7941], son of Thomas Ludwell Lee-[23515] and Mary Aylett-[23516].

Evelyn next married Dr. Patrick Hume Douglas-[12800] [MRIN:4270], son of Col. William Douglas-[12801] and Sarah Orrick-[23517].

621 M xiv. McKenzie Beverley-[23518] was born on 6-3-1783 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia.

McKenzie married Isabella Gray-[23519] [MRIN:7944], daughter of William Gray-[23520] and Isabella Miller-[23521].

622 F xv. Jane Bradshaw Beverley-[23522] was born on 8-27-1784 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died on 2-23-1814 at age 29.

623 F xvi. Harriet Beverley-[23524] was born on 4-12-1786 in Blandfield, Essex County, Virginia and died in 5-1829 at age 43.

Harriet married John Bull Rittenhouse-[23525] [MRIN:7947], son of Judge Benjamin Rittenhouse-[23526] and Elizabeth Bull-[23527].

459. Unknown Bland-[15938] (Theodorick Bland³⁷⁹, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

462. Anne Bland-[15927] (Theodorick Bland³⁷⁹, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1748 in Prince George City County, Virginia.

Anne married Gen. Thomas Eaton-[15928] [MRIN:5309], son of William Eaton-[15935] and Mary Unknown-[15936]. Thomas was born about 1757 in North Carolina and died on 7-6-1809 in Warren County, North Carolina about age 52.

General Notes: Commanded a North Carolina Regiment in the Revolutionary War under General Nathaniel Greene.

464. Frances Bland-[15959] (Theodorick Bland³⁷⁹, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 9-24-1752 in Cawsons, Prince George City County, Virginia and died on 1-18-1788 in Matoax, Virginia at age 35.

General Notes: Frances Bland was sixteen when she married John Randolph, eleven years her senior. They resided at Matoax Plantation in Chesterfield County, Virginia which held over a thousand acres. John Randolph died October 1775 after only six years of marriage.

Frances later married St. George Tucker of Bermuda and his family wished for them to live there. Frances had two large plantations to manage (Bizzare and Cawson's) so they stayed in Virginia.

Frances married John Randolph-[15960] [MRIN:5316], son of Col. Richard Randolph-[15906] and Jane Bolling-[15907], on 3-9-1769 in Cawsons, Prince George City County, Virginia. John was born about 1742 in Cawsons, Prince George City County, Virginia and died in 10-1775 about age 33.

466. Richard Bland-[13050] (Lt. Richard Bland³⁸⁰, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 2-20-1730 and died on 1-25-1786 at age 55.

Richard married Mary Bolling-[13051] [MRIN:4339] on 10-8-1761. Mary was born in 1744 and died after 1791 in Prince George City County, Virginia.

631 M i. Richard Bland-[34283] was born on 7-23-1762 and died on 3-26-1806 at age 43.

468. Anne Bland-[34255] (Lt. Richard Bland³⁸⁰, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 8-15-1735 and died in 1782 at age 47.

Anne married Alexander Morrison-[34256] [MRIN:11608]. Alexander was born in Prince George City County, Virginia.

John married Ann Poythress Bland-[34267] [MRIN:11613], daughter of Richard Bland-[13050] and Mary Bolling-[13051].

Jane married John Green-[34275] [MRIN:11616] on 6-27-1789 in Prince George City County, Virginia.

Patience married William Epes-[34278] [MRIN:11617] on 12-9-1786 in Prince George City County, Virginia.

Anne married William Harrison-[34282] [MRIN:11619] on 12-6-1788 in Prince George City County, Virginia.

470. John Bland-[34259] (Lt. Richard Bland³⁸⁰, Elizabeth Randolph³⁴¹, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 10-19-1739 and died in 1777 at age 38.

645 M i. Richard Yates Bland-[34261] was born about 1770 and died in 6-1854 about age 84.

Richard married Ann Booth-[34262] [MRIN:11611], daughter of Gilliam Booth-[34263] and Unknown. Ann died on 5-23-1853.

487. Col. Robert Randolph-[16356] (Col. Peter Randolph³⁸⁵, Col. William Randolph Jr.³⁴², Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1760 in Virginia and died on 9-12-1825 in Virginia at age 65.

General Notes: Member of the House of Delegates to Virginia; Captain in Baylor's Dragoons during the Revolutionary War; captured at Tappan; resided at "Eastern View" Fauquier County, Virginia; aide to General Anthony Wayne.

Robert married Elizabeth Hill Carter-[16366] [MRIN:5449], daughter of Charles Carter-[16369] and Mary Walker-[16370]. Elizabeth was born in 1764 and died in 6-1832 at age 68.

+ 646 F i. Eliza Carter Randolph-[16371] was born in 10-1782 and died in 1866 in Fauquier County, Virginia at age 84.

647 M ii. Robert Beverley Randolph-[16372] was born in 1784 and died in 8-1839 at age 55.

Robert married Lavinia Heth-[16380] [MRIN:5452], daughter of Henry Heth-[16381] and Ann Hair-[16382].

648 M iii. Charles Carter Randolph-[16373] was born in 10-1788 and died in 12-1863 in Kinchloch, Fauquier County, Virginia at age 75.

Charles married Mary Anne Fauntleroy Mortimer-[16383] [MRIN:5454], daughter of John Mortimer-[16384] and Mary French-[16385], in 1825.

651 F vi. Lucy Bolling Randolph-[16376] was born in 12-1796 in Fauquier County, Virginia and died in 11-1861 at age 64.

Lucy married Richard Chisterfield Mason-[16387] [MRIN:5457] in 5-1816 in Charles City County, Virginia.

489. Mary Randolph-[15984] (Col. William Randolph³⁸⁷, Thomas Randolph³⁴³, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born about 1739 in Goochland County, Virginia.

Mary married Tarlton Fleming-[30146] [MRIN:10126] about 1758 in Goochland County, Virginia. Tarlton died in 1-1778 in Goochland County, VA.

654 M i. Tarlton Fleming-[30147] was born on 7-18-1763 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

655 M ii. William Randolph Fleming-[30148] was born on 4-14-1765 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

William married Nancy Webb-[34170] [MRIN:11566] on 12-16-1793 in Goochland County, VA.

656 M iii. Thomas Mann Fleming-[30149] was born on 2-15-1767 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

Thomas married Anne Spotswood Payne-[34171] [MRIN:11567] on 4-1-1791 in Goochland County, VA.

657 F iv. Judith Fleming-[30150] was born on 7-4-1769 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

490. Thomas Mann Randolph-[34238] (Col. William Randolph³⁸⁷, Thomas Randolph³⁴³, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born about 1741 in Tuckahoe Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia and died in 1793 about age 52.

Thomas married Anne Cary-[34237] [MRIN:11600], daughter of Col. Archibald Cary-[34235] and Mary Randolph-[16004]. Anne died on 3-6-1789.

658 F i. Mary "Mollie" Randolph-[17200] was born on 8-9-1762 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

Mary married David Meade Randolph-[34159] [MRIN:11556], son of Richard Randolph-[16002] and Anne Meade-[16008], on 12-11-1780 in Goochland County, VA.

659 M ii. Henry Cary Randolph-[17201] was born on 1-8-1764 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

Elizabeth married Robert Pleasants-[34160] [MRIN:11557] on 10-15-1784 in Goochland County, VA.

661 M iv. Thomas Mann Randolph-[17203] was born on 10-1-1768 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia and died on 6-20-1828 at age 59.

662 M v. William Randolph-[17204] was born on 1-16-1770 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

663 M vi. Archibald Cary Randolph-[17205] was born on 8-24-1771 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

General Notes: SRC: Birth Records from the Register of St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia. (William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, Vol 15, No 2 pgs - 113-123)

+ 664 F vii. Judith Randolph-[17206] was born on 11-24-1772 in Tuckahoe Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia.

+ 665 F viii. Anne Cary Randolph-[17207] was born on 9-15-1774 in Tuckahoe Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia and died on 5-28-1837 in New York at age 62.

666 F ix. Jane Cary Randolph-[17208] was born on 12-17-1776 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

Jane married Thomas Eston Randolph-[34163] [MRIN:11560] on 4-8-1795 in Chesterfield County, Virginia.

John married Judith Archer Lewis-[34164] [MRIN:11561] on 6-12-1809 in Powhatan County, Virginia.

Thomas next married Gabriella Harvie-[16033] [MRIN:11552], daughter of John Harvie-[34158] and Unknown.

495. Mary Jefferson-[18032] (Jane Randolph³⁹⁰, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1741 and died in 1817 at age 76.

Mary married John Bolling-[18040] [MRIN:6078] in 1760 in Virginia. John was born in 1741.

671 M i. Thomas Bolling-[30129] was born on 2-11-1764 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

672 F ii. Jane Bolling-[30131] was born on 9-17-1765 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

673 F iii. Ann Bolling-[30133] was born on 7-18-1767 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

674 F iv. Martha Bolling-[30136] was born in 1769 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

675 M v. Edward Bolling-[30139] was born on 9-17-1772 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

496. 3rd President Thomas Jefferson-[15912] (Jane Randolph³⁹⁰, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 4-13-1743 in Shadwell, Albemarle County, Virginia and died on 7-4-1826 in Monticello, Virginia at age 83.

General Notes: Third President of the United States.

Graduated from College of William and Mary 1762
Member of Virginia House of Burgesses 1769-74
Member of Continental Congress 1775-76
Governor of Virginia 1779-81
Member of Continental Congress 1783-85
Minister to France 1785-89
Secretary of State 1790-93
Vice President 1797-1801
3rd President of the United States 1801-1809

At 3 cents per acre, purchased the Louisiana Territory.
Dispatched Lewis and Clark on their famous exploration.
Signs Bill outlawing the importation of slaves.
Invented a machine that makes fiber from hemp.
Invented the lazy-susan.
Made $25,000 per year as President.

born April 2, 1743, Shadwell, Virginia [U.S.]
died July 4, 1826, Monticello, Virginia, U.S.

Draftsman of the Declaration of Independence of the United States and the nation's first secretary of state (1789–94), second vice president (1797–1801), and, as the third president (1801–09), statesman responsible for the Louisiana Purchase. An early advocate of total separation of church and state, he also was the founder and architect of the University of Virginia and the most eloquent American proponent of individual freedom as the core meaning of the American Revolution.

Long regarded as America's most distinguished “apostle of liberty,” Jefferson has come under increasingly critical scrutiny within the scholarly world. At the popular level, both in the United States and abroad, he remains an incandescent icon, an inspirational symbol for both major U.S. political parties, as well as for dissenters in communist China, liberal reformers in central and eastern Europe, and aspiring democrats in Africa and Latin America. His image within scholarly circles has suffered, however, as the focus on racial equality has prompted a more negative reappraisal of his dependence upon slavery and his conviction that American society remain a white man's domain. The huge gap between his lyrical expression of liberal ideals and the more attenuated reality of his own life has transformed Jefferson into America's most problematic and paradoxical hero.

Albermarle county, where he was born, lay in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in what was then regarded as a western province of the Old Dominion. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a self-educated surveyor who amassed a tidy estate that included 60 slaves. According to family lore, Jefferson's earliest memory was as a three-year-old boy “being carried on a pillow by a mounted slave” when the family moved from Shadwell to Tuckahoe. His mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson, was descended from one of the most prominent families in Virginia. She raised two sons, of whom Jefferson was the eldest, and six daughters. There is reason to believe that Jefferson's relationship with his mother was strained, especially after his father died in 1757, because he did everything he could to escape her supervision and had almost nothing to say about her in his memoirs. He boarded with the local schoolmaster to learn his Latin and Greek until 1760, when he entered the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg.

By all accounts he was an obsessive student, often spending 15 hours of the day with his books, 3 hours practicing his violin, and the remaining 6 hours eating and sleeping. The two chief influences on his learning were William Small, a Scottish-born teacher of mathematics and science, and George Wythe, the leading legal scholar in Virginia. From them Jefferson learned a keen appreciation of supportive mentors, a concept he later institutionalized at the University of Virginia. He read law with Wythe from 1762 to 1767, then left Williamsburg to practice, mostly representing small-scale planters from the western counties in cases involving land claims and titles. Although he handled no landmark cases and came across as a nervous and somewhat indifferent speaker before the bench, he earned a reputation as a formidable legal scholar. He was a shy and extremely serious young man.

In 1768 he made two important decisions: first, to build his own home atop an 867-foot high mountain near Shadwell that he eventually named Monticello and, second, to stand as a candidate for the House of Burgesses. These decisions nicely embodied the two competing impulses that would persist throughout his life—namely, to combine an active career in politics with periodic seclusion in his own private haven. His political timing was also impeccable, for he entered the Virginia legislature just as opposition to the taxation policies of the British Parliament was congealing. Although he made few speeches and tended to follow the lead of the Tidewater elite, his support for resolutions opposing Parliament's authority over the colonies was resolute.

In the early 1770s his own character was also congealing. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, an attractive and delicate young widow whose dowry more than doubled his holdings in land and slaves. In 1774 he wrote “A Summary View of the Rights of British America,” which was quickly published, though without his permission, and catapulted him into visibility beyond Virginia as an early advocate of American independence from Parliament's authority; the American colonies were tied to Great Britain,he believed, only by wholly voluntary bonds of loyalty to the king.

His reputation thus enhanced, the Virginia legislature appointed him a delegate to the Second Continental Congress in the spring of 1775. He rode into Philadelphia—and into American history—on June 20, 1775, a tall (slightly above 6 feet 2 inches [1.88 metres]) and gangly young man with reddish blond hair, hazel eyes, a burnished complexion, and rock-ribbed certainty about the American cause. In retrospect, the central paradox of his life was also on display, for the man who the following year was to craft the most famous manifesto for human equality in world history arrived in an ornate carriage drawn by four handsome horses and accompanied by three slaves.

Jefferson's inveterate shyness prevented him from playing a significant role in the debates within the Congress. John Adams, a leader in those debates, remembered that Jefferson was silent even in committee meetings, though consistently staunch in his support for independence. His chief role was as a draftsman of resolutions. In that capacity, on June 11, 1776, he was appointed to a five-person committee, which also included Adams and Benjamin Franklin, to draft a formal statement of the reasons why a break with Great Britain was justified. Adams asked him to prepare the first draft, which he did within a few days. He later claimed that he was not striving for “originality of principle or sentiment,” only seeking to provide “an expression of the American mind”; that is, putting into words those ideas already accepted by a majority of Americans. This accurately describes the longest section of the Declaration of Independence, which lists the grievances against George III. It does not, however, describe the following 55 words, which are generally regarded as the seminal statement of American political culture:

"We hold these truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness;that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed."

On July 3–4 the Congress debated and edited Jefferson's draft, deleting and revising fully one-fifth of the text. But they made no changes whatsoever in this passage, which over succeeding generations became the lyrical sanction for every liberal movement in American history. At the time, Jefferson himself was disconsolate that the Congress had seen fit to make any changes in his language. Nevertheless, he was not regarded by his contemporaries as the author of the Declaration, which was seen as a collective effort by the entire Congress. Indeed, he was not known by most Americans as the principal author until the 1790s.

He returned to Virginia in October 1776 and immediately launched an extensive project for the reform of the state's legal code to bring it in line with the principles of the American Revolution. Three areas of reform suggest the arc of his political vision: first, he sought and secured abolition of primogeniture, entail, and all those remnants of feudalism that discouraged a broad distribution of property; second, he proposed a comprehensive plan of educational reform designed to assure access at the lowest level for all citizens and state support at the higher levels for the most talented; third, he advocated a law prohibiting any religious establishment and requiring complete separation of church and state. The last two proposals were bitterly contested, especially the statute for religious freedom, which was not enacted until 1786.

Taken together, these legal reforms capture the essence of Jefferson's political philosophy, which was less a comprehensive body of thought than a visionary prescription. He regarded the past as a “dead hand” of encrusted privileges and impediments that must be cast off to permit the natural energies of individual citizens to flow freely. The American Revolution, as he saw it, was the first shot in what would eventually became a global battle for human liberation from despotic institutions and all coercive versions of government.

At the end of what was probably the most creative phase of his public career, personal misfortune struck in two successive episodes. Elected governor of Virginia in 1779, he was caught off-guard by a surprise British invasion in 1780 against which the state was defenseless. His flight from approaching British troops was described in the local press, somewhat unfairly, as a cowardly act of abdication. (Critics would recall this awkward moment throughout the remainder of his long career.) Then, in September 1782, his wife died after a difficult delivery in May of their third daughter. These two disasters caused him to vow that he would never again desert his family for his country.

The vow was sincere but short-lived. Jefferson agreed, albeit reluctantly, to serve as a delegate to the Continental Congress in December 1782, where his major contribution was to set forth the principle that territories in the West should not be treated as colonies but rather should enter the Union with status equal to the original states once certain conditions were met. Then, in 1784, recognizing the need to escape the memories of Martha that haunted the hallways at Monticello, he agreed to replace Franklin as American minister to France; or, as legend tells the story, he agreed to succeed Franklin, noting that no one could replace him.

During his five-year sojourn in Paris, Jefferson accomplished very little in any official sense. Several intractable conditions rendered his best diplomatic efforts futile: the United States was heavily in debt owing to the recent war, so few European nations were interested in signing treaties of amity and commerce with the infant American republic; the federal government created under the Articles of Confederation was notoriously weak, so clear foreign policy directives proved impossible; Great Britain already enjoyed a monopoly, controlling more than 80 percent of America's foreign trade, so it had no incentive to negotiate commercial treaties on less favorable terms; and France was drifting toward a cataclysmic political crisis of its own, so relations with the upstart new nation across the Atlantic were hardly a high priority.

As a result, Jefferson's diplomatic overtures to establish a market for American tobacco and to reopen French ports to whale oil produced meager results, his efforts to create an alliance of American and European powers to contest the terrorism of the Barbary pirates proved stillborn, and his vision of open markets for all nations, a world without tariffs, seemed excessively visionary. His only significant achievement was the negotiation of a $400,000 loan from Dutch bankers that allowed the American government to consolidate its European debts, but even that piece of diplomacy was conducted primarily by John Adams, then serving as American minister to the Court of St. James's in London.

But the Paris years were important to Jefferson for personal reasons and are important to biographers and historians for the new light they shed on his famously elusive personality. The dominant pattern would seem to be the capacity to live comfortably with contradiction. For example, he immersed himself wholeheartedly in the art, architecture, wine, and food of Parisian society but warned all prospective American tourists to remain in America so as to avoid the avarice, luxury, and sheer sinfulness of European fleshpots. He made a point of bringing along his elder daughter, Martha (called Patsy as a girl), and later sent for his younger daughter, Maria (called Polly), all as part of his genuine devotion as a single parent. But he then placed both daughters in a convent, wrote them stern lecture like letters about proper female etiquette, and enforced a patriarchal distance that was in practice completely at odds with his theoretical commitment to intimacy.

With women in general his letters convey a message of conspicuous gallantry, playfully flirtatious in the manner of a male coquette. The most self-revealing letter he ever wrote, “a dialogue between the head and the heart,” was sent to Maria Cosway, an Anglo-Italian beauty who left him utterly infatuated. Jefferson and Cosway, who was married to a prominent if somewhat degenerate English miniaturist, spent several months in a romantic haze, touring Parisian gardens, museums, and art shows together, but whether Jefferson's head or heart prevailed, either in the letter or in life, is impossible to know. Meanwhile, there is considerable evidence to suggest, but not to prove conclusively, that Jefferson initiated a sexual liaison with his attractive young mulatto slave Sally Hemings in 1788, about the time his torrid affair with Cosway cooled down—this despite his public statements denouncing blacks as biologically inferior and sexual relations between the races as taboo.

During the latter stages of Jefferson's stay in Paris, Louis XVI, the French king, was forced to convene the Assembly of Notables in Versailles to deal with France's deep financial crisis. Jefferson initially regarded the assembly as a French version of the Constitutional Convention, then meeting in Philadelphia. Much influenced by moderate leaders such as the Marquis de Lafayette, he expected the French Revolution to remain a bloodless affair that would culminate in a revised French government, probably a constitutional monarchy along English lines. He remained oblivious to the erroneous resentments and volatile energies pent up within French society that were about to explode in the Reign of Terror, mostly because he thought the French Revolution would follow the American model. He was fortunate to depart France late in 1789, just at the onset of mob violence.

Even before his departure from France, Jefferson had overseen the publication of Notes on the State of Virginia. This book, the only one Jefferson ever published, was part travel guide, part scientific treatise, and part philosophical meditation. Jefferson had written it in the fall of 1781 and had agreed to a French edition only after learning that an unauthorized version was already in press. Notes contained an extensive discussion of slavery, including a graphic description of its horrific effects on both blacks and whites, a strong assertion that it violated the principles on which the American Revolution was based, and an apocalyptic prediction that failure to end slavery would lead to “convulsions which will probably never end but in the extermination of one or the other race.” It also contained the most explicit assessment that Jefferson ever wrote of what he believed were the biological differences between blacks and whites, an assessment that exposed the deep-rooted racism that he, like most Americans and almost all Virginians of his day, harbored throughout his life. Coming as it did at the midpoint of his career, the publication of Notes affords the opportunity to review Jefferson's previous and subsequent positions on the most volatile and therefore most forbidden topic in the revolutionary era.

To his critics in later generations, Jefferson's views on race seemed particularly virulent because of his purported relationship with Sally Hemings, who bore several children obviously fathered by a white man and some of whom had features resembling those of Jefferson. The public assertion of this relationship was originally made in 1802 by a disreputable journalist interested in injuring Jefferson's political career. His claim was corroborated, however, by one of Hemings's children in an 1873 newspaper interview and then again in a 1968 book by Winthrop Jordan revealing that Hemings became pregnant only when Jefferson was present at Monticello. Finally, in 1998, DNA samples were gathered from living descendants of Jefferson and Hemings. Tests revealed that Jefferson was almost certainly the father of some of Hemings's children. What remained unclear was the character of the relationship—consensual or coercive, a matter of love or rape, or a mutually satisfactory arrangement. Jefferson's admirers preferred to consider it a love affair and to see Jefferson and Hemings as America's preeminent biracial couple. His critics, on the other hand, considered Jefferson a sexual predator whose eloquent statements about human freedom and equality were hypocritical.

In any case, coming as it did at the midpoint of Jefferson's career, the publication of Notes affords the opportunity to review Jefferson's previous and subsequent positions on the most volatile and therefore most forbidden topic in the revolutionary era. Early in his career Jefferson had taken a leadership role in pushing slavery onto the political agenda in the Virginia assembly and the federal Congress. In the 1760s and '70s, like most Virginia planters, he endorsed the end of the slave trade. (Virginia's plantations were already well stocked with slaves, so ending the slave trade posed no economic threat and even enhanced the value of the existent slave population.) In his original draft of the Declaration of Independence, he included a passage, subsequently deleted by the Continental Congress, blaming both the slave trade and slavery itself on George III. Unlike most of his fellow Virginians, Jefferson was prepared to acknowledge that slavery was an anomaly in the American republic established in 1776. His two most practical proposals came in the early 1780s: a gradual emancipation scheme by which all slaves born after 1800 would be freed and their owners compensated, and a prohibition of slavery in all the territories of the West as a condition for admission to the Union. By the time of the publication of Notes, then, Jefferson's record on slavery placed him among the most progressive elements of southern society. Rather than ask how he could possibly tolerate the persistence of slavery, it is more historically correct to wonder how this member of Virginia's planter class had managed to develop such liberal convictions.

Dating the onset of a long silence is inevitably an imprecise business, but by the time of his return to the United States in 1789 Jefferson had backed away from a leadership position on slavery. The ringing denunciations of slavery presented in Notes had generated controversy, especially within the planter class of Virginia, and Jefferson's deep aversion to controversy made him withdraw from the cutting edge of the antislavery movement once he experienced the sharp feelings it aroused. Moreover, the very logic of his argument in Notes exposed the inherent intractability of his position. Although he believed that slavery was a gross violation of the principles celebrated in the Declaration of Independence, he also believed that people of African descent were biologically inferior to whites and could never live alongside whites in peace and harmony. They would have to be transported elsewhere, back to Africa or perhaps the Caribbean, after emancipation. Because such a massive deportation was a logistical and economic impossibility, the unavoidable conclusion was that, though slavery was wrong, ending it, at least at present, was inconceivable. That became Jefferson's public position throughout the remainder of his life.

It also shaped his personal posture as a slave owner. Jefferson owned, on average, about 200 slaves at any point in time, and slightly over 600 over his lifetime. To protect himself from facing the reality of his problematic status as plantation master, he constructed a paternalistic self-image as a benevolent father caring for what he called “my family.” Believing that he and his slaves were the victims of history's failure to proceed along the enlightened path, he saw himself as the steward for those entrusted to his care until a better future arrived for them all. In the meantime, his own lavish lifestyle and all the incessant and expensive renovations of his Monticello mansion were wholly dependent on slave labor. Whatever silent thoughts he might have harbored about freeing his slaves never found their way into the record. (He freed only five slaves, all members of the Hemings family.) His mounting indebtedness rendered all such thoughts superfluous toward the end, because his slaves, like all his possessions, were mortgaged to his creditors and therefore not really his to free.

Jefferson returned to the United States in 1789 to serve as the first secretary of state under President George Washington. He was entering the most uncharted waters in American history. There had never been an enduring republican government in a nation as large as the United States, and no one was sure if it was possible or how it would work. The Constitution ratified in 1788 was still a work-in-progress, less a blueprint that provided answers than a framework for arguing about the salient questions. And because Jefferson had been serving in France when the constitutional battles of 1787–88 were waged in Philadelphia and then in the state ratifying conventions, he entered the volatile debates of the 1790s without a clear track record of his constitutional convictions. In truth, unlike his friend and disciple James Madison, Jefferson did not think primarily in constitutional categories. His major concern about the new Constitution was the absence of any bill of rights. He was less interested in defining the powers of government than in identifying those regions where government could not intrude.

During his tenure as secretary of state (1790–93), foreign policy was his chief responsibility. Within the cabinet a three-pronged division soon emerged over American policy toward the European powers. While all parties embraced some version of the neutrality doctrine, the specific choices posed by the ongoing competition for supremacy in Europe between England and France produced a bitter conflict. Washington and Adams, who was serving as vice president, insisted on complete neutrality, which in practice meant tacking back and forth between the two dominant world powers of the moment. Alexander Hamilton pushed for a pro-English version of neutrality—chiefly commercial ties with the most potent mercantile power in the world. Jefferson favored a pro-French version of neutrality, arguing that the Franco-American treaty of 1778 obliged the United States to honor past French support during the war for independence, and that the French Revolution embodied the “spirit of '76” on European soil. Even when the French Revolution spun out of control and began to devour its own partisans, Jefferson insisted that these bloody convulsions were only temporary excesses justified by the larger ideological issues at stake.

This remained his unwavering position throughout the decade. Even after he retired from office late in 1793, he issued directives from Monticello opposing the Neutrality Act (1793) and the Jay Treaty (1795) as pacts with the British harlot and betrayals of our French brethren. Serving as vice president during the Adams presidency (1796–1800), Jefferson worked behind the scenes to undermine Adams's efforts to sustain strict neutrality and blamed the outbreak of the “quasi-war” with France in 1797–98 on what he called “our American Anglophiles” rather than the French Directory. His foreign-policy vision was resolutely moralistic and highly ideological, dominated by a dichotomous view of England as a corrupt and degenerate engine of despotism and France as the enlightened wave of the future.

Jefferson's position on domestic policy during the 1790s was a variation on the same ideological dichotomy. As Hamilton began to construct his extensive financial program—to include funding the national debt, assuming the state debts, and creating a national bank—Jefferson came to regard the consolidation of power at the federal level as a diabolical plot to subvert the true meaning of the American Revolution. As Jefferson saw it, the entire Federalist commitment to an energetic central government with broad powers over the domestic economy replicated the arbitrary policies of Parliament and George III, which the American Revolution had supposedly repudiated as monarchical and aristocratic practices, incompatible with the principles of republicanism. Jefferson sincerely believed that the “principles of '76” were being betrayed by a Federalist version of the “court party,” whose covert scheme was to install monarchy and a pseudo-aristocracy of banker sand “monocrats” to rule over the American yeomanry.

All the major events of the decade—the creation of a national bank, the debate over the location of a national capital, the suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania, the passage of the Jay Treaty, and, most notoriously, the enforcement of the Alien and Sedition Acts—were viewed through this ideological lens. By the middle years of the decade two distinctive political camps had emerged, calling themselves Federalists and Republicans. Not that modern-day political parties, with their mechanisms for raising money, selecting candidates, and waging election campaigns, were fully formed at this stage. (Full-blooded political parties date from the 1830s and '40s.) But an embryonic version of the party structure was congealing, and Jefferson, assisted and advised by Madison, established the rudiments of the first opposition party in American politics under the Republican banner.

The partnership between Jefferson and Madison, labeled by subsequent historians as “the great collaboration,” deserves special attention. John Quincy Adams put it nicely when he observed that “the mutual influence of these two mighty minds on each other is a phenomenon, like the invisible and mysterious movements of the magnet in the physical world.” Because the notion of a legitimate opposition to the elected government did not yet exist, and because the term party remained an epithet that was synonymous with faction, meaning an organized effort to undermine the public interest, Jefferson and Madison were labeled as traitors by the Federalist press. They were, in effect, inventing a modern form of political behavior before there was any neutral vocabulary for talking about it. Jefferson's own capacity to live comfortably with contradictions served him well in this context, since he was creating and leading a political party while insisting that parties were evil agents. In 1796 he ran for the presidency against Adams, all the while claiming not to know that he was even a candidate. Most negative assessments of Jefferson's character date from this period, especially the charge of hypocrisy and duplicity.

The highly combustible political culture of the early republic reached a crescendo in the election of 1800, one of the most fiercely contested campaigns in American history. The Federalist press described Jefferson as a pagan and atheist, a treasonable conspirator against the duly elected administrations of Washington and Adams, a utopian dreamer with anarchistic tendencies toward the role of government, and a cunning behind-the-scenes manipulator of Republican propaganda. All these charges were gross exaggerations, save the last. Always operating through intermediaries, Jefferson paid several journalists to libel Adams, his old friend but current political enemy, and offered the vice presidency to Aaron Burr in return for delivering the electoral votes of New York. In the final tally the 12 New York votes made the difference, with the tandem of Jefferson and Burr winning 73 to 65. A quirk in the Constitution, subsequently corrected in the 12th Amendment, prevented electors from distinguishing between their choice of president and vice president, so Jefferson and Burr tied for the top spot, even though voter preference for Jefferson was incontestable. The decision was thrown into the House of Representatives where, after several weeks of debate and backroom wheeling and dealing, Jefferson was elected on the 36th ballot.

There was a good deal of nervous speculation whether the new American nation could survive a Jefferson presidency. The entire thrust of Jefferson's political position throughout the 1790s had been defiantly negative, rejecting as excessive the powers vested in the national government by the Federalists. In his Virginia Resolutions of 1798, written in protest of the Alien and Sedition Acts, he had described any projection of federal authority over the domestic policy of the states as a violation of “the spirit of '76” and therefore a justification for secession from the Union. (This became the position of the Confederacy in 1861.) His Federalist critics wondered how he could take an oath to preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States if his primary go alas president was to dismantle the federal institutions created by that very document. As he rose to deliver his inaugural address on March 4, 1801, in the still-unfinished Capitol of the equally unfinished national capital on the Potomac, the mood was apprehensive. The most rabid alarmists had already been proved wrong, since the first transfer of power from one political regime to another had occurred peacefully, even routinely. But it was still very much an open question whether, as Lincoln later put it, “any nation so conceived and so dedicated could long endure” in the absence of a central government along Federalist lines.

The major message of Jefferson's inaugural address was conciliatory. Its most famous line (“We are all republicans—we are all federalists”) suggested that the scatological party battles of the previous decade must cease. He described his election as a recovery of the original intentions of the American Revolution, this after the hostile takeover of those “ancient and sacred truths” by the Federalists, who had erroneously assumed that a stable American nation required a powerful central government. In Jefferson's truly distinctive and original formulation, the coherence of the American republic did not require the mechanisms of a powerful state to survive or flourish. Indeed, the health of the emerging American nation was inversely proportional to the power of the federal government, for in the end the sovereign source of republican government was voluntary popular opinion, “the people,” and the latent energies these liberated individuals released when unburdened by government restrictions.

Initially, at least, his policies as president reflected these priorities, which meant dismantling the embryonic federal government, the army and navy, and all federal taxation programs, as well as placing the national debt, which stood at $112 million, on the road to extinction. These reforms enjoyed considerable success for two reasons. First, the temporary cessation of the war between England and France for European supremacy permitted American merchants to trade with both sides and produced unprecedented national prosperity. Second, in selecting Albert Gallatin as secretary of the Treasury, Jefferson placed one of the most capable managers of fiscal policy in the most strategic location. Gallatin, a Swiss-born prodigy with impeccable Republican credentials, dominated the cabinet discussions alongside Madison, the ever-loyal Jefferson disciple who served as secretary of state.

Actually there were very few cabinet discussions because Jefferson preferred to do the bulk of business within the executive branch in writing. Crafting language on the page was his most obvious talent, and he required all cabinet officers to submit drafts of their recommendations, which he then edited and returned for their comments. The same textual approach applied to his dealings with Congress. All of his annual messages were delivered in writing rather than in person. Indeed, apart from his two inaugural addresses, there is no record of Jefferson delivering any public speeches whatsoever. In part this was a function of his notoriously inadequate abilities as an orator, but it also reflected his desire to make the office of the presidency almost invisible. His one gesture at visibility was to schedule weekly dinners when Congress was in session, which became famous for the quality of the wine, the pell-mell seating arrangements, and informal approach to etiquette—a clear defiance of European-style decorum.

The major achievement of his first term was also an act of defiance, though this time it involved defying his own principles. In 1803 Napoleon decided to consolidate his resources for a new round of the conflict with England by selling the vast Louisiana region, which stretched from the Mississippi Valley to the Rocky Mountains. Although the asking price, $15 million, was a stupendous bargain, assuming the cost meant substantially increasing the national debt. More significantly, what became known as the Louisiana Purchase violated Jefferson's constitutional scruples. Indeed, many historians regard it as the boldest executive action in American history. But Jefferson never wavered, reasoning that the opportunity to double the national domain was too good to miss. The American West always triggered Jefferson's most visionary energies, seeing it, as he did, as America's future, the place where the simple republican principles could be constantly renewed. In one fell swoop he removed the threat of a major European power from America's borders and extended the life span of the uncluttered agrarian values he so cherished. Even before news that the purchase was approved reached the United States in July 1803, Jefferson dispatched his private secretary, Meriwether Lewis, to lead an expedition to explore the new acquisition and the lands beyond, all the way to the Pacific.

If the Louisiana Purchase was the crowning achievement of Jefferson's presidency, it also proved to be the high point from which events moved steadily in the other direction. Although the Federalist Party was dead as a national force, pockets of Federalist opposition still survived, especially in New England. Despite his eloquent testimonials to the need for a free press, Jefferson was outraged by the persistent attacks on his policies and character from those quarters, and he instructed the attorneys general in the recalcitrant states to seek indictments, in clear violation of his principled commitment to freedom of expression. He was equally heavy-handed in his treatment of Aaron Burr, who was tried for treason after leading a mysterious expedition into the American Southwest allegedly designed to detach that region from the United States with Burr crowned as its benevolent dictator. The charges were never proved, but Jefferson demanded Burr's conviction despite the lack of evidence. He was overruled in the end by Chief Justice John Marshall, who sat as the judge in the trial.

But Jefferson's major disappointment had its origins in Europe with the resumption of the Napoleonic Wars, which resulted in naval blockades in the Atlantic and Caribbean that severely curtailed American trade and pressured the U.S. government to take sides in the conflict. Jefferson's response was the Embargo Act (1807), which essentially closed American ports to all foreign imports and American exports. The embargo assumed that the loss of American trade would force England and France to alter their policies, but this fond hope was always an illusion, since the embryonic American economy lacked the size to generate such influence and was itself wrecked by Jefferson's action. Moreover, the enforcement of the Embargo Act required the exercise of precisely those coercive powers by the federal government that Jefferson had previously opposed. By the time he left office in March 1809, Jefferson was a tired and beaten man, anxious to escape the consequences of his futile efforts to preserve American neutrality and eager to embrace the two-term precedent established by Washington.

During the last 17 years of his life Jefferson maintained a crowded and active schedule. He rose with the dawn each day, bathed his feet in cold water, then spent the morning on his correspondence (one year he counted writing 1,268 letters) and working in his garden. Each afternoon he took a two-hour ride around his grounds. Dinner, served in the late afternoon, was usually an occasion to gather his daughter Martha and her 12 children, along with the inevitable visitors. Monticello became a veritable hotel during these years, on occasion housing 50 guests. The lack of privacy caused Jefferson to build a separate house on his Bedford estate about 90 miles from Monticello, where he periodically fled for seclusion.

Three architectural projects claimed a considerable share of his attention. Throughout his life Monticello remained a work-in-progress that had the appearance of a construction site. Even during his retirement years, Jefferson's intensive efforts at completing the renovations never quite produced the masterpiece of neoclassical design he wanted to achieve and that modern-day visitors to Monticello find so compelling. A smaller but more architecturally distinctive mansion at Bedford, called Poplar Forest, was completed on schedule. It too embodied neoclassical principles but was shaped as a perfect octagon. Finally there was the campus of the University of Virginia at Charlottesville, which Jefferson called his “academical village.”Jefferson surveyed the site, which he could view in the distance from his mountaintop, and chose the Pantheon of Rome as the model for the rotunda, the centerpiece flanked by two rows of living quarters for students and faculty. In 1976 the American Institute of Architects voted it “the proudest achievement of American architecture in the past 200 years.” Even the “interior” design of the University of Virginia embodied Jeffersonian principles, in that he selected all the books for the library, defined the curriculum, picked the faculty, and chaired the Board of Visitors. Unlike every other American college at the time, “Mr. Jefferson's university” had no religious affiliation and imposed no religious requirement on its students. As befitted an institution shaped by a believer in wholly voluntary and consensual networks of governance, there were no curricular requirements, no mandatory code of conduct except the self-enforced honor system, no president or administration. Every aspect of life at the University of Virginia reflected Jefferson's belief that the only legitimate form of governance was self-governance.

In 1812 his vast correspondence began to include an exchange with his former friend and more recent rival John Adams. The reconciliation between the two patriarchs was arranged by their mutual friend Benjamin Rush, who described them as “the North and South poles of the American Revolution.” That description suggested more than merely geographic symbolism, since Adams and Jefferson effectively, even dramatically, embodied the twin impulses of the revolutionary generation. As the “Sage of Monticello,” Jefferson represented the Revolution as a clean break with the past, the rejection of all European versions of political discipline as feudal vestiges, the ingrained hostility toward all mechanisms of governmental authority that originated in faraway places. As the “Sage of Quincy (Massachusetts),” Adams resembled an American version of Edmund Burke, which meant that he attributed the success of the American Revolution to its linkage with past practices, most especially the tradition of representative government established in the colonial assemblies. He regarded the constitutional settlement of 1787–88 as a shrewd compromise with the political necessities of a nation-state exercising jurisdiction over an extensive, eventually continental, empire, not as a betrayal of the American Revolution but an evolutionary fulfillment of its promise.

These genuine differences of opinion made Adams and Jefferson the odd couple of the American Revolution and were the primary reasons why they had drifted to different sides of the divide during the party wars of the 1790s. The exchange of 158 letters between 1812 and 1826 permitted the two sages to pose as philosopher-kings and create what is arguably the most intellectually impressive correspondence between statesmen in all of American history. Beyond the elegiac tone and almost sculpted serenity of the letters, the correspondence exposed the fundamental contradictions thatthe American Revolution managed to contain. As Adams so poignantly put it,“You and I ought not to die before we have explained ourselves to each other.” And because of Adams's incessant prodding, Jefferson was frequently forced to clarify his mature position on the most salient issues of the era.

One issue that even Adams and Jefferson could not discuss candidly was slavery. Jefferson's mature position on that forbidden subject represented a further retreat from any leadership role in ending the “peculiar institution.” In 1819, during the debate in Congress over the Missouri Compromise, he endorsed the expansion of slavery into all the western territories, precisely the opposite of the position he had taken in the 1780s. Though he continued to insist that slavery was a massive anomaly, he insisted even more strongly that it was wrong for the federal government to attempt any effort at emancipation. In fact he described any federal intrusion in the matter as a despotic act analogous to George III's imperial interference in colonial affairs or Hamilton's corrupt scheme to establish a disguised form of monarchy in the early republic. His letters to fellow Virginians during his last years reflect a conspiratorial mentality toward the national government and clear preference for secession if threatened with any mandatory plan for abolition.

Apart from slavery, the other shadow that darkened Monticello during Jefferson's twilight years was debt. Jefferson was chronically in debt throughout most of his life, in part because of obligations inherited from his father-in-law in his wife's dowry, mostly because of his own lavish lifestyle, which never came to terms with the proverbial bottom line despite careful entries in his account books that provided him with only the illusion of control. In truth, by the 1820s the interest on his debt was compounding at a faster rate than any repayment schedule could meet. By the end, he was more than $100,000—in modern terms several million dollars—in debt. An exception was made in Virginia law to permit a lottery that Jefferson hoped would allow his heirs to retain at least a portion of his property. But the massiveness of his debt overwhelmed all such hopes. Monticello, including land, mansion, furnishings, and the vast bulk of the slave population, was auctioned off the year after his death, and his surviving daughter, Martha, was forced to accept charitable contributions to sustain her family.

Before that ignominious end, which Jefferson never lived to see, he managed to sound one last triumphant note that projected his most enduring and attractive message to posterity. In late June 1826 Jefferson was asked to join the Independence Day celebrations in Washington, D.C., on the 50th anniversary of the defining event in his and the nation's life. He declined, explaining that he was in no condition to leave his mountaintop. But he mustered up one final surge of energy to draft a statement that would be read in his absence at the ceremony. He clearly intended it as his final testament. Though some of the language, like the language of the Declaration itself, was borrowed from others, here was the vintage Jeffersonian vision:

"May it be to the world, what I believe it will be, (to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all,) the signal of arousing men to burst the chains under which monkish ignorance and superstition had persuaded them to bind themselves, and to assume the blessings and security of self-government.... All eyes are opened or opening to the rights of men. The general spread of the light of science has already laid open to every view the palpable truth, that the mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs, nor a favored few, booted and spurred, ready to ride them legitimately by the grace of God. These are grounds of hope for others; for ourselves, let the annual return of this day forever refresh our recollections of these rights, and an undiminished devotion to them."

Even as these words were being read in Washington, Jefferson went to his maker in his bed at Monticello at about half past noon on July 4, 1826. His last conscious words, uttered the preceding evening, were “Is it the Fourth?” Always a man given to Herculean feats of self-control, he somehow managed to time his own death to coincide with history. More remarkably, up in Quincy on that same day his old rival and friend also managed to die on schedule. John Adams passed away later in the afternoon. His last words—“Thomas Jefferson still lives”—were wrong at the moment but right for the future, since Jefferson's complex legacy was destined to become the most resonant and controversial touchstone in all of American history.

• Third President of the United: In the thick of party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."

This powerful advocate of liberty was born in 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia, inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello.

Freckled and sandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent as a correspondent, but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his pen rather than his voice to the patriot cause. As a "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably, he wrote a bill establishing religious freedom, enacted in 1786.

Jefferson succeeded Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washington's Cabinet. He resigned in 1793.

Sharp political conflict developed, and separate parties, the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed the rights of states.

As a reluctant candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw in the Constitution, he became Vice-President, although an opponent of President Adams. In 1800 the defect caused a more serious problem. Republican electors, attempting to name a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election.

When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed Army and Navy expenditures, cut the budget, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron to fight the Barbary pirates, who were harassing American commerce in the Mediterranean. Further, although the Constitution made no provision for the acquisition of new land, Jefferson suppressed his qualms over constitutionality when he had the opportunity to acquire the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in 1803.

During Jefferson's second term, he was increasingly preoccupied with keeping the Nation from involvement in the Napoleonic Wars, though both England and France interfered with the neutral rights of American merchantmen. Jefferson's attempted solution, an embargo upon American shipping, worked badly and was unpopular.

Jefferson retired to Monticello to ponder such projects as his grand designs for the University of Virginia. A French nobleman observed that he had placed his house and his mind "on an elevated situation, from which he might contemplate the universe."

Jefferson died on July 4, 1826.

Thomas married Martha Wayles-[17061] [MRIN:5735] on 1-1-1772 in "The Forest" Williamsburg, Virginia. Martha was born in 1748 in Charles City County, Virginia and died on 9-6-1782 in Monticello, Virginia at age 34.

General Notes: When Thomas Jefferson came courting, Martha Wayles Skelton at 22 was already a widow, an heiress, and a mother whose firstborn son would die in early childhood. Family tradition says she was accomplished and beautiful - - with slender figure, hazel eyes, and auburn hair - - and wooed by many. Perhaps a mutual love of music cemented the romance; Jefferson played the violin, and one of the furnishings he ordered for the home he was building at Monticello was a "forte-piano" for his bride.

They were married on New Years Day, 1772, at the bride's plantation home "The Forest", near Williamsburg. When they finally reached Monticello in a late January snowstorm to find no fire, no food, and the servants asleep, they toasted their new home with a leftover half-bottle of wine and "song and merriment and laughter." That night, on their own mountaintop, the love of Thomas Jefferson and his bride seemed strong enough to endure any adversity.

The birth of their daughter Martha in September increased their happiness. Within ten years the family gained five more children. Of them all, only two lived to grow up: Martha, called Patsy, and Mary called Maria or Polly.

The physical strain of frequent pregnancies weakened Martha Jefferson so gravely that her husband curtailed his political activities to stay near her. He served in Virginia's House of Delegates and as governor, but he refused an appointment by the Continental Congress as a commissioner to France. Just after New Years Day, 1781, a British invasion forced Martha to flee the capital in Richmond with a baby girl a few weeks old - - who died in April. In June the family barely escaped an enemy raid on Monticello. She bore another daughter the following May, and never regained a fair measure of strength. Jefferson wrote on May 20 that her condition was dangerous. After months of tending her devotedly, he noted in his account book for September 6, "My dear wife died this day at 11:45 A.M."

Apparently he never brought himself to record their life together; in a memoir he referred to ten years "in unchequered happiness." Half a century later his daughter Martha remembered his sorrow: "the violence of his emotion . . . to this day I not describe to myself." For three weeks he had shut himself in his room, pacing back and forth until exhausted. Slowly that first anguish spent itself. In November he agreed to serve as commissioner to France, eventually taking Patsy with him in 1784 and send for Polly later.

When Jefferson became President in 1801, he had been a widower for 19 years. He had become as capable of handling social affairs as political matters. Occasionally he called on Dolley Madison for assistance. It was Patsy - - now Mrs. Thomas Mann Randolph Jr. - - who appeared as the lady of the President's House in the winter of 1802 - 1803, when she spent seven weeks there. She was there again in 1805 - 1806, and gave birth to a son named for James Madison, the first child born in the White House. It was Martha Randolph with her family who shared Jefferson's retirement at Monticello until he died there in 1826.

676 F i. Martha Washington Jefferson-[17062] was born on 9-27-1772 in Monticello, Virginia and died in 1836 at age 64.

677 F ii. Jane Randolph Jefferson-[17072] was born on 4-3-1774 and died in 1775 at age 1.

678 F iii. Mary Jefferson-[17063] was born on 8-1-1778 and died in 1804 at age 26.

679 F iv. Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson-[17073] was born on 11-3-1780 and died in 1781 at age 1.

680 F v. Lucy Elizabeth Jefferson-[17074] was born on 5-8-1782 and died in 1785 at age 3.

498. Martha Jefferson-[18034] (Jane Randolph³⁹⁰, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1746 and died in 1811 at age 65.

Martha married Dabney Carr-[18041] [MRIN:6079]. Dabney was born in 1743 and died in 1773 at age 30.

681 F i. Mary Carr-[30134] was born on 3-7-1768 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

682 F ii. Lucy Carr-[30135] was born on 3-7-1768 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

683 M iii. Peter Carr-[30137] was born on 1-2-1770 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

684 M iv. Samuel Carr-[30138] was born on 10-9-1771 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

685 M v. Dabney Carr-[30140] was born on 4-27-1773 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

504. Isham Randolph-[30142] (Thomas Isham Randolph³⁹³, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 3-27-1771 in St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia.

506. Archibald Cary Randolph-[30144] (Thomas Isham Randolph³⁹³, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1769 in Goochland County, Virginia and died in 1813 at age 44.

Archibald married Lucy Burwell-[30151] [MRIN:10127], daughter of Nathaniel Burwell-[34196] and Susanna Grymes-[34195], on 4-6-1797. Lucy was born on 11-20-1777 and died on 3-22-1810 at age 32.

507. Mary Randolph-[30145] (Thomas Isham Randolph³⁹³, Isham Randolph³⁴⁴, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 2-1-1773 in Ampthill, Chesterfield County, Virginia.

513. Susan Randolph-[16013] (Richard Randolph⁴⁰¹, Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

514. Jane Randolph-[16014] (Richard Randolph⁴⁰¹, Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

519. Anne Cary-[34237] (Mary Randolph⁴⁰², Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) died on 3-6-1789.

Anne married Thomas Mann Randolph-[34238] [MRIN:11600], son of Col. William Randolph-[15979] and Maria Judith Page-[15982]. Thomas was born about 1741 in Tuckahoe Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia and died in 1793 about age 52.

520. Jane Cary-[30141] (Mary Randolph⁴⁰², Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

Jane married Thomas Isham Randolph-[15988] [MRIN:10125], son of Isham Randolph-[15908] and Jane Rogers-[15909].

General Notes: SRC: Birth Record from the Register of St. James Northan Parish, Goochland County, Virginia (William and Mary College Quarterly Historical Magazine, Vol 15, No. 2, pgs 113-123)

523. Sarah Cary-[34241] (Mary Randolph⁴⁰², Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

525. Henry Randolph-[15947] (Brett Randolph⁴⁰⁴, Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

526. Brett Randolph-[16027] (Brett Randolph⁴⁰⁴, Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

Brett married Ann Randolph-[34219] [MRIN:11591] on 5-7-1782 in Henrico (Goochland) County, VA.

Richard married Elizabeth Jane Montague-[34227] [MRIN:11595] on 1-28-1819 in Powhatan County, Virginia.

Ann married Joseph Michaux-[34232] [MRIN:11596] on 2-5-1822 in Powhatan County, Virginia.

Mary married Francis Watkins-[34234] [MRIN:11597] on 12-21-1820 in Powhatan County, Virginia.

528. Richard Randolph-[15965] (John Randolph⁴⁰⁵, Col. Richard Randolph³⁴⁶, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 5-9-1770 in Virginia and died in 1796 at age 26.

General Notes: Richard Randolph, the eldest brother of Randolph of Roanoke, married his first cousin Judith. Richard was 19 and his lady love only 15 at the time, and the marriage, which took place the following year, proved one of the most tragic happenings of Virginia society of their generation. If the wise mother of Judith had been less subservient to the opinion of her husband and had actively opposed the union about which she had such evident foreboding, much sorrow might have been avoided.

Richard's character was lovable but weak, as his letters from childhood show, and poor Judith was a most unhappy wife. Richard's death followed shortly after the trial in which he and Nancy Randolph, his wife's sister, were accused of infanticide. Of that crime their vindication was complete, but it was followed by gossip and slander which were certainly contributing causes of Richard's death.

Of his two sons, Tudor and St. George (one named for his stepfather's brother, Thomas Tudor Tucker, and the other for his stepfather himself). The one died of consumption in the south of England, the other lived long as a deaf-mute and a madman, and the fact that with them, the line of John Randolph of Matoax and Bizarre ended, was probably the cause of much of the sorrow and bitterness which clouded the life of the last survivor of the family of John Randolph of Roanoke.

(see Ann Cary Randolph for the story of "Bizarre Plantation")

Richard married Judith Randolph-[17206] [MRIN:5786], daughter of Thomas Mann Randolph-[34238] and Anne Cary-[34237], on 12-20-1789 in Henrico (Goochland) County, VA. Judith was born on 11-24-1772 in Tuckahoe Plantation, Goochland County, Virginia.

531. Maj. Anderson Stith-[34220] (John Stith⁴⁰⁷, Mary Randolph³⁴⁷, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

Anderson married Joanna Bassett-[34221] [MRIN:11592], daughter of William Bassett-[34222] and Elizabeth Churchill-[34223].

726 M i. Bassett Stith-[34224] died on 1-13-1816 in Halifax, North Carolina.

533. Unknown Dawson-[34308] (Mary Randolph Stith⁴⁰⁸, Mary Randolph³⁴⁷, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

727 M i. William Johnson Dawson-[34310] died in 1789 in Bertie County, North Carolina.

535. Edmund Jennings Randolph-[15999] (John Randolph⁴¹¹, Sir John Randolph³⁴⁸, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 8-10-1753 in Tazewell, Williamsburg, Virginia and died on 9-12-1813 in Clark County, Virginia at age 60.

General Notes: Edmund Jennings Randolph was born in Williamsburg, Virginia on August 10, 1753. He attended the College of William and Mary and studied law in his father's office. He was a supporter of the Revolution and served as General George Washington's aide-de-camp in 1775. Randolph was a delegate to the Continental Congress and a member of the Constitutional Convention. He was elected Attorney General of Virginia in 1776, served until 1782, and served as Governor of Virginia from 1786-1788.

On September 26, 1789, Randolph was appointed the first Attorney General of the United States by President Washington. In 1794, he was appointed Secretary of State. He served in this position until 1795.

-------

(b. Aug. 10, 1753, Williamsburg, Va. [U.S.]—d. Sept. 12, 1813, Clark county, Va.), Virginia lawyer who played an important role in drafting and ratifying the U.S. Constitution and served as attorney general and later secretary of state in George Washington's cabinet.

After attending William and Mary College, Randolph studied law in the office of his father, who was then the king's attorney in the Virginia colony. The approach of the American Revolution caused a split in the family: the father, with his wife and daughters, left for England in 1775, while Edmund threw in his lot with the rebellious colonists.

The young lawyer served briefly as an aide to General Washington in the siege (1776) of the British at Boston and then returned to Virginia to care for the estate of his uncle, Peyton Randolph. He was elected to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1776 and served on the committee that drew up a bill of rights and a state constitution. The Virginia Assembly elected him attorney general of the state, and he also served intermittently (1779–82) as a delegate to the Continental Congress.

In 1786 Randolph headed the Virginia delegation to the Annapolis Convention, and that same year he was elected governor of Virginia. As a delegate to the U.S. Constitutional Convention (1787), he presented the influential Virginia Plan and served on the Committee on Detail that prepared a first draft of the proposed constitution. He did not sign the final draft, however, because he wanted more protection of the rights of states and of individuals. Nevertheless, in the Virginia Convention of 1788 he used his influence to bring about that state's ratification of the Constitution.

After President Washington took office in 1789, he appointed Randolph—who had handled much of Washington's personal legal work—to the post of U.S. attorney general. Upon Thomas Jefferson's resignation as secretary of state in December 1793, Randolph was chosen to replace him. As England and France were then at war and there was strong support in the United States for both antagonists, Randolph's attempt to steer a middle course was difficult. While the Jay Treaty (1794) with England was under consideration, he performed the delicate task of maintaining friendly relations with France. He also paved the way for the signing (1795) of Pinckney's Treaty (or the Treaty of San Lorenzo) with Spain,which provided for free navigation of the Mississippi River.

Randolph's governmental service was brought to an end by an intercepted diplomatic dispatch from the French minister at Philadelphia, charging that he had shown a willingness to accept money from the French in return for influencing the U.S. government against Great Britain. Though the charges were not proved, Randolph resigned on Aug. 19, 1795. He returned to Virginia and resumed his law practice, acting in 1807 as senior counsel for Aaron Burr at his trial for treason.

Edmund married Elizabeth Carter Nicholas-[16259] [MRIN:5325] on 8-29-1776 in Virginia.

728 F i. Susan Beverley Randolph-[16260] was born in 1781 and died on 10-12-1836 at age 55.

729 F ii. Unknown Randolph-[16261] was born about 1781 in Richmond, Henrico County, Virginia.

730 F iii. Unknown Randolph-[16262] was born about 1783 in Lexington, Virginia.

731 M iv. Unknown Randolph-[16263] was born in 1783 and died in 1786 at age 3.

732 F v. Edmonia Madison Randolph-[16264] was born on 4-17-1787 and died in 10-1847 at age 60.

733 M vi. Peyton Randolph-[16265] was born in 1787 in Gloucester, Virginia and died in 1828 at age 41.

Peyton married Maria Ward-[34184] [MRIN:11577] on 3-15-1806 in Amelia County, Virginia.

546. Susanna Grymes-[34195] (Mary Randolph⁴¹², Sir John Randolph³⁴⁸, Col. William Randolph³¹⁵, Sir Richard Randolph²⁸⁹, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1751 and died on 7-7-1788 at age 37.

Susanna married Nathaniel Burwell-[34196] [MRIN:11581]. Nathaniel was born on 4-15-1750 and died on 3-29-1814 at age 63.

735 M i. Carter Burwell-[34200] was born on 10-16-1773 and died on 2-2-1819 at age 45.

736 M ii. Philip Burwell-[34201] was born on 1-15-1776 and died on 2-11-1849 at age 73.

+ 737 F iii. Lucy Burwell-[30151] was born on 11-20-1777 and died on 3-22-1810 at age 32.

738 M iv. Nathaniel Burwell-[34202] was born on 2-18-1779 and died on 1-11-1849 at age 69.

739 M v. Lewis Burwell-[34203] was born on 1-24-1783 and died on 2-24-1826 at age 43.

740 M vi. Robert Carter Burwell-[34204] was born on 7-24-1785 and died on 8-22-1813 at age 28.

561. Mary Randolph-[16084] (Henry Randolph⁴²¹, Henry Randolph³⁵⁰, Henry Randolph³²¹, Henry Randolph²⁹⁰, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹).

General Notes: Henry took an oath as second Lieutenant 3 Oct 1777 and resigned 2 March 1781. In 1783 Chesterfield COunty Henry Archer is listed as head of a family of ten with twenty-four slaves. Not all of the children were his, most likely. Some may have belonged to a neice who lived with them, Elizabeth Branch.

General Notes: Attended medical school in Edinburgh. Held a life estate of 2,810 acres known as "Clover Forest" in 1820.

562. Elizabeth Randolph-[16085] (Henry Randolph⁴²¹, Henry Randolph³⁵⁰, Henry Randolph³²¹, Henry Randolph²⁹⁰, Dorothy Lane²⁷¹, Elizabeth Vincent²⁵⁴, Anne Tanfield²³⁷, Francis Tanfield Esq.²²⁰, William Tanfield²⁰², Katherine Neville¹⁸⁶, Baron Edward de Neville¹⁶³, Joan de Beaufort¹⁴¹, Duke John of Lancaster "of Gaunt"¹¹⁴, King Edward Plantagenet III⁹⁵, King Edward Plantagenet II⁸², King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born about 1745 in Amelia County, Virginia.

563. Susannah Messenger-[19054] (Lydia Royce⁴²⁵, Hannah Morgan³⁵¹, James Morgan³²², Elizabeth Morgan²⁹⁵, Sir William Morgan²⁷², Thomas Morgan²⁵⁵, Rowland Morgan²³⁸, Elizabeth Vaughan²²¹, Joan (Jean) Whitney²⁰³, Constance Tuchet¹⁸⁷, Eleanor of Holland¹⁶⁴, Earl Edmund of Holland III¹⁴⁶, Thomas de Holand II¹²², Countess Joan of Kent "The Fair Maid"⁹⁹, Earl Edmund of Woodstock⁸³, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born on 11-30-1704 in Wallingford, New Haven, Connecticut.

Susannah married Ebenezer Hopkins-[19055] [MRIN:6545] on 6-7-1727 in Hartford, Connecticut. Ebenezer was born on 6-24-1699 in Hartford, Connecticut and died c1784 in Shaftsbury, Vermont at age 85.

564. Miriam Harry-[19001] (John Harry⁴²⁶, Hugh Harry³⁵², Harry Thomas Owen³²³, Thomas Owen²⁹⁶, Elizabeth Pugh²⁷³, Gaynor Thomas²⁵⁶, Jane Puleston²³⁹, Sir John Puleston²²², Eleanor Whitney²⁰⁴, Constance Tuchet¹⁸⁷, Eleanor of Holland¹⁶⁴, Earl Edmund of Holland III¹⁴⁶, Thomas de Holand II¹²², Countess Joan of Kent "The Fair Maid"⁹⁹, Earl Edmund of Woodstock⁸³, King Edward I Plantagenet "Longshanks"⁷², King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) died on 3-19-1809.

Miriam married Record Hussey-[19002] [MRIN:6520] on 9-2-1756. Record died on 4-5-1784 in Warrington, York County, Pennsylvania.

+ 744 F i. Lydia Hussey-[19003] was born on 3-27-1757 in York County, Pennsylvania and died on 9-21-1843 in Washington County, Pennsylvania at age 86.

565. Samuel Grant Jr-[18613] (Mary Porter⁴²⁷, Anna Rosanna White³⁵³, Robert White V³²⁴, Robert White IV²⁹⁷, Richard White²⁷⁴, Thomas White²⁵⁷, Robert White III²⁴⁰, Sir Robert White II²²³, Alice Hungerford²⁰⁶, Baronesse Margaret de Botreaux¹⁸⁸, Elizabeth de Beaumont¹⁶⁵, John de Beaumont¹⁴⁸, Henry de Beaumont¹²⁵, Eleanor of Lancaster¹⁰⁰, Earl Henry Plantagenet⁸⁶, Earl Edmund Plantagenet "Crouchback"⁷³, King Henry III Plantagenet⁶⁹, King John Plantagenet "Lackland"⁶⁶, King Henry II Plantagenet "Curtmantle"⁵², Queen Matilda Adelaide of England⁴⁵, Henry I (King)²¹, William I "the Conqueror" (King)¹¹, Robert I "The Magnificent" (Duke)⁶, Richard "the Good" II (Duke)³, Richard I "The Fearless" (Duke)², William I "Longsword" (Duke)¹) was born in 1659 in Windsor, Hartford County, CT and died on 5-8-1710 at age 51.

Samuel married Grace Miner-[18614] [MRIN:6382] on 4-11-1688 in Windsor, Hartford County, CT. Grace was born on 9-20-1670 in Stratford, CT and died on 4-16-1753 at age 82.

+ 745 M i. Noah Grant-[18615] was born on 12-11-1693 in Windsor, Hartford County, CT and died on 10-10-1727 in Tolland, CT at age 33.

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